第136章 南极之冰(2 / 2)

“嘿嘿,药王先生,在南极地区冰雪世界中,一目了然的丰富资源便是巨大的冰雪资源。南极大陆93%的地面覆盖着一层2000~2500米厚的冰层,集中着全球90%的冰,体积达2260万立方公里。

据估计,如果这些冰全部融化,全球的海平面将升高50米,漂浮在南极海洋上的大大小小的冰山有218000多万座,一般存在寿命也就10来年,最终都融化进海水了。若以目前世界每年用水3000立方公里计,南极淡水可供人类用7500多年。这种诱人的前景,使许多缺水国家提出了‘向南极冰山要淡水’的宏伟设想。

澳大利亚、智利和沙特阿拉伯等缺水国家设想用轮船到南极拖回长16公里、宽3.5公里,厚200米的冰,化冰为水,以解救水源匾乏之急。可惜‘远水救不了近火’。例如沙特阿拉伯计划租用外轮去南极拖运冰山,预计拖回一吨重的冰山需耗资6亿法朗。南极淡水虽蕴藏浩大,但在目前还不具有实用价值,尤其是代价惊人的昂贵,使人类不得不望‘冰’兴叹。

咱们是什么人?咱们是神仙啊!世俗社会在望‘冰’兴叹,咱们可不用如此。你不是说准备让我利用小世界来当运输工具吗?咱也不用在小世界开辟什么临时储水湖泊了,那多麻烦。与其到北海去抢那点可怜的水资源,咱们不如直接去南极装运冰块、冰山,弄回来后真接扔大沙漠里头让这些冰山自己融化不就得了,这么大的淡水资源库不用白不用。”

尹长风得意洋洋地阐述着自己的计划,他说的话很有些傲然的意思,但在药王听来却觉得理所当然,不置可否地说道:“长风先生,让你就近到北海取水你怕引起生态灾难,引发什么蝴蝶效应,去南极取冰你就不怕引发个什么效应了?”

“怎么会呢?药王先生,你知道南极有多冷吗,你知道南极有多少冰吗?在南极,除了南极大陆覆盖了巨大的冰盖以外,南极周围的海洋里还分布着巨量的海冰。

南极大陆周围,越接近大陆的边缘,冰厚变得越薄,并伸向海洋,在海洋,海冰浮在水面上,形成了宽广的冰架。也就是说,冰架是南极冰盖向海洋中的延伸部分,这些冰架的平均厚度为475米,最大的冰架是罗斯冰架、菲尔希纳冰架、龙尼冰架和亚美利冰架。加上这些冰架,南极大陆面积可增加150万平方千米。冰架能以每年2500米的速度移向海洋,在它的边缘,断裂的冰架渐渐漂移到海洋中,形成巨大的冰山。”

药王不知从什么地方取出一张南极地图铺在桌面上,一边听尹长风讲解,一边在地图上仔细观看起来。

“在南极的冬季,严寒的气候使南极周围海面结冰,海冰完全封住了整个大陆,并且可向北伸展到南纬55度。一般在每年的9月份,海冰的面积达到最大值,被海冰覆盖的海洋面积达2000万平方公里,这一面积比南极大陆本身面积还要大。

每年夏天,一般是在2月底,海冰的范围达到最小值,85%的海冰漂流到不冻海域融化掉,甚至在许多地方,海冰一直融化到海岸,船舶可以直接航行到岸边。南极海冰每天最多可流动65公里。

南极的从大陆冰床和冰架上断裂而成的冰山非常多,并且比北极的冰山要大得多,它们中间大的面积有时可达数十平方千米,个别的可长达近200千米。从冰架或冰川边缘断裂下来不久的冰山通常是平台状冰山,它们的顶部非常平坦,甚至可以作为轻型飞机的机场。它们常常高于水面几十米,而水面以下可达200~300米。随着不断的消融,冰山会进一步地分裂、翻转、坍塌和海流海浪的作用,会形成各种形状的小型冰山。

咱们要是怕直接开挖掘南极大陆上的永久性冰盖引发不可预知的蝴蝶效应的话,就直接取用这些每年都可以自然生成的冰山得了,这些冰山每年都会大量产生,生生不息永不枯竭,这样做咱们还连挖掘工作都可以省了,从海里直接捞起来往小世界的南北极附近的海中一仍,取水工作完成,多方便,多简单的事,我们何乐而不为之,哈哈哈哈哈哈……”

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