第七百零七章 风云突变(2 / 2)

执宰大明 小黑醉酒 0 字 2021-03-29

值得一提的是,由于这场突如其来的战事,讲武堂终止了授课,其学员和教官以及大小官吏悉数编进了守城的军队中。</p>

作为大明勋贵的领袖,张辅当仁不让地担负起了守城的重任,为了增加兵力特意抽掉了京城各个勋贵府上用作护院的私兵,全力以赴守住京城。</p>

张辅的手里也有王牌,他的王牌是讲武堂库房中的三十门佛朗机炮和五千只火绳枪,这些武器虽然造出来了但是却没有往下发放,原因很简单,无论是炮兵还是火枪兵在上战场之前都要经过严格的训练,否则无法发挥出佛朗机炮和火绳枪的威力,很容易被蒙古骑兵俘获。</p>

虽说无法上战场与敌军厮杀,但是佛朗机炮和火绳枪却可以用来守城,炮兵和火枪兵所要做的就是发射出炮弹和子弹。</p>

因此京城的骁武军和讲武堂的教官、学员就开始操练佛朗机炮和火绳枪的使用,幸运的是讲武堂已经开设了火炮和火绳枪的课程,那些学员和教官虽然操作佛朗机炮比较困难,但是完全可以使用火绳枪。</p>

再加上留守京郊大营的骁武军中有佛朗机炮和火绳枪的训练人员,这就使得佛朗机炮和火绳枪皆能发挥出各自的威力。</p>

当张辅整顿好京城的防务严阵以待的时候,抵达京城的关西七卫却没有向京城发动进攻,而是调头北上浩浩荡荡地杀向了北面的居庸关。</p>

顶盔贯甲的张辅面无表情地望着大摇大摆向北杀去的关西七卫,嘴角流露出一丝无奈的苦笑,他最担心的就是关西七卫趁着居庸关兵力薄弱之际攻打,现在看来他的担心成为了现实,蒙古兵果然去攻打居庸关。</p>

面对这种情形张辅无能为力,如果他发兵前去救援的话绝对正中关西七卫的下怀,那些援兵绝对会在半路上被关西七卫伏击,凶多吉少。</p>

此时,居庸关依旧对京师有着巨大的拱卫作用,阻挡着阿鲁台所率领的蒙古大军,一旦被攻破的话内长城就失去了屏障京师的作用,也令周征在万全都司的大军陷入被动。</p>

然而,现实的情形比张辅所担忧的更加严峻,居庸关在九月初十受到了南面关西七卫和北面阿鲁台派来的三万蒙古大军的猛烈夹击,双方都使用了回回炮,使得居庸关守军伤亡惨重,顽强坚守两天后寡不敌众,被关西七万攻破了城墙,导致居庸关沦陷。</p>

回回炮又名西域炮,也叫巨石炮或者襄阳炮,它并不是后世的火炮,而是一种抛石机,这种抛石机不过是在古代抛石机的基础上改良、改进、创新得更加先进、威力更加巨大。</p>

十三世纪,在长达六年(公元12671273年)之久的南宋和蒙元襄阳之战中,蒙元军队第一次使用了新研制的回回炮,给襄阳城带来巨大的杀伤,协助蒙元军队迫降了襄阳城的宋军守将,进而一举成名。</p>

其实,无论中国还是外国,很早就有了“炮”这个器械,不过它并不是发射火器的工具,而是一种利用杠杆原理抛掷石弹的战具,又称为旝、云旝、飞石、抛石等,欧洲古代称为抛石机。</p>

在火炮出现以前,抛石机(炮)是古代战争双方攻守战的重要兵器。</p>

据宋朝兵书《武经总要》记载,炮以大木为架,结合部用金属件联接,炮架上横置可以转动的炮轴。</p>

固定在轴上的长杆称为“稍”,起杠杆作用,用一根木杆作稍的称为单稍,用多根木杆缚在一起作梢的称为多稍,稍数越多,抛射的石弹越重、越远。</p>

炮梢的一端系皮窝,容纳石弹;另一端系炮索,索长数丈。小型炮有索数条,大型炮多达百条以上。</p>

每条炮索由12人拉曳。抛掷石弹时,由1人瞄准定放,曳炮人同时猛曳炮索,将另一端甩起,皮窝中的石弹靠惯性抛出,射程可达数百步。</p>

在火药用于军事后,也还常常用炮抛掷火毯、毒药弹以及爆炸弹等。</p>

《武经总要》记载了十几种形式的炮,多数炮是将炮架置于地上或插埋于地下,固定施放。有一些在炮架下安装四轮,便于机动,称为车炮。也有的炮,其炮柱可以左右旋转,向各个方向抛掷石弹,称为旋风炮。</p>

抛石机在世界军事史上有着浓墨重彩的一笔,中国直至明朝中叶以后,伴随着火药和枪炮的推广,明军才逐渐淘汰了抛石机这种笨重的攻守器械。</p>

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