第十六章 老而不死(1 / 2)

高校之洛清宁 赤灵01 832 字 2022-05-04

因为,细胞的分裂次数,与dna里面含有的端粒有关。

人体dna内,含有的端粒长度,是固定不变的。它只会随着时间的增加,而不断减少,并不会逐渐增多。每次人体细胞分裂一代,端粒就会消失一点,当细胞分裂到50代的时候,dna里面的端粒,就会完全消失。这就使细胞不再继续分裂,人类的寿命就被限制在了一定长度,也就是125岁左右。

莱奥纳德·海弗里克发现的这个理论,完美证实了魏斯曼的论断,即哺乳动物的细胞分裂能力有限,而这一现象也被称为“海弗里克极限”。

也就是说,大多数情况下,真核生物细胞有丝分裂次数,大约在50次左右,随后就会进入细胞凋亡程序。

“你还知道细胞凋亡啊?以为文科生不学这些!”苏云青坏笑着对洛清宁说。。

洛清宁瞪了他一眼,回复道:“别看不起人,这是生物知识,又不分文理科。而且,上学的时候,我旁听过很多专业的课程,专业又不能限制我感兴趣的东西。”

“好好,那你继续解释细胞凋亡,秦毅他不懂!”苏云青瞟了一眼发呆的秦毅,不怀好意道。

洛清宁撇了撇嘴,继续解释说,细胞凋亡是一种主动性的死亡,也是多基因对细胞严格控制的过程,是一种广泛的生物学行为。

用专业术语来说,就是在胚胎发育时期清除多余的细胞,这种行为有利于体内器官的形成。当细胞被病毒感染,或者发生了癌变时,机体也会通过凋亡的方式,将不好的细胞加以清除。

但是,通常在机体内,会存在一部分没有完成全部分裂次数,就已经停止了不断增殖的细胞。这些细胞,最终会变成静止的不分裂细胞。

当这些不分裂细胞,出现不断累积时,就会导致机体组织的自我修复能力,逐渐下滑。

因此,科学家们将这部分细胞,命名为衰老细胞。

而且,科学家们通过不断地研究,证实了衰老细胞会停止自我复制,以及自我分裂。可是,它们又不会按照规律,乖乖地进行细胞凋亡。

机体内的衰老细胞们,只会像一具具“僵尸”,不断地分泌出一些蛋白质,来抵御机体死亡的到来,从而会不断拉低机体的生存质量和生命体征。

洛清宁说到这里,秦毅很严肃地问:“你的意思是,衰老细胞的特征,就是停止了自我复制和分裂?”

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