第十二计 顺手牵羊(1 / 2)

[提要]

这是一条乘敌之隙,补己之短的谋略,为了削弱敌人力量,不断发展和壮大自己,要善于利用敌方的弱点和失误捕捉战机,手疾眼快,果断采取行动,顺手捞一把,以削弱敌人的力量。

[原文]

微隙在所必乘;微利在所必得。少阴,少阳。

[译文]

微小的空隙,必须利用;微小的利益,也必须获得。变敌方小的疏忽,为我方小的胜利。

[解析]

“顺手牵羊”是一个“伺隙陈捣虚”,创造和捕捉战机的谋略。其实质在于乘敌之隙,向对方薄弱部位出击。从一般意义上说,这一计谋,含有在完成主要任务过程中,看准对方空子,顺势“捞”一把之意。而这种空子又是突然出现的,是在双方对垒过程中所暴露出来的,不是事前考虑到的。运用这一计谋,还须具有来去顺路,取之顺手,赢之顺时,应手得利的特点。至于“微隙”是否“必乘”,“微利”是否“必得”,则要从全局考虑,绝不可因小失大。

“顺手牵羊”的运用很广,民间最普遍,官场最突出,这是环境不同的缘故。有这样一个笑话:有人偷牛,被抓住了,被控告为偷牛罪,他却对法官狡辨地说:“我哪里是偷牛?只不过是路上有一根绳子,顺便捡回家,而牛就自动地跟上罢了。”

[兵家使用范例]

作战未胜,顺“便”牵宝

十九世纪初期,一个晴朗的夏日,一支强大的英国舰队,突然出现在西班牙的加的斯港。这支舰队的作战企图是为了夺取这个港口,控制地中海的入口处。

指挥这支舰队的是大英帝国国王威廉三世派遣的奥德蒙公爵和乔治·鲁克爵士。这支庞大的舰队临近港口时,由于敌情不明,两个指挥者未敢冒然发动进攻。事实上,当地守军并没有太坚固的防御,如果英国舰队发动突然进攻的话,则可一举拿下港口,夺取制高点,轻而易举地获胜。然而,舰队的二位指挥者都是贵族出身,平时吃喝玩乐在行,而打起仗来却没有多少计谋。

乔治爵士倒还有些主见,说:“国王这次命你我远征,我们应该尽快解决战斗,突然占领港口,这样才能有立足之地。否则,舰队的水和食品用完了怎么办?”他主张立即进攻。

而奥德蒙公爵却说:“我看,还是稳一点为好,我们远道而来,是为了占领这个港口,不是打一仗就走。要是冒然行动,导致全军覆没,国王一定会怪罪你我,割去爵位事小,丢了性命可就不值得了。”

乔治爵士听他么一说,也觉得负不起责任,问:“你说该怎么办呢?”

“命令水兵乘小船分批登陆,抢占滩头阵地,夺取要塞,逐步占领港口!”奥德蒙公爵主意十分坚定。

一声令下,士兵们纷纷跳上小船,向滩头发起冲锋。开始十分顺利,基本没有遇到抵抗。英军以为当地守军被吓破了胆,不敢抗击了。

实际上,英军的作战企图一开始就被西班牙人识破了,他们火速调集兵力,调整部署。但是,由于当地兵力不足,暂时没有进行大规模的抵抗。

英军进攻顺利,得意忘形,一路见人就杀,见东西就抢,就连教堂也不放在眼里,纵火便烧。这种烧杀抢掠,亵渎神明的行为大大地激起了当地民众的强烈反抗,老百姓纷纷起来用自制武器对抗英军。英军则陷入了“人民战争的汪洋大海之中了”。

奥德蒙公爵和乔治爵士指挥作战不力,缺乏统一计划,使得英军一遭到抵抗,便乱了阵脚。西班牙守军则借机从容地加强了防卫。

战斗持续了近一个月,英军发动多次进攻都没能拿下港口。眼看着食品和淡水快要用完了。奥德蒙公爵和乔治爵士非常沮丧。

“再打下去我们可支撑不住了,还不如收兵回国吧!保存一点兵力也好向国王交代。”乔治爵士建议。

“只有这样了,让各舰清点人员和食品及淡水储备量,计划好每天的消耗,我们起程吧。”奥德蒙公爵最后下了决心。

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