第二十九计 树上开花(1 / 2)

[提要]

此计运用此理,是说弱小的部分通过凭借某种因素,改变外部形态之后,自己阵容显得充实强大了。就象鸿雁长了羽毛丰满的翅膀一样。

“树上开花”在军事上是指借用他军的局面,布成有利的阵形的话,即使弱小的兵力,也可以被看成是强大的阵容。就像飞翔在高空上,美丽的雁队一样,两翼伸展开来,显得非常壮观。

本来不开花的树也可以让它开花。把漂亮的人造花装饰在树枝上的话,粗心的人是不会注意到的,以巧妙逼真的手法,配合整体的运作,使美丽的花瓣,从树枝上洒落在地面的情景,会大放异彩。想来,把精锐的部队配置在友军的阵地里,借着友军优势的配备,也足以威吓敌人。

[原文]

借局布势,力小势大。鸿渐于陆。其羽可用为仪也。

[译文]

借别人局面布成有利的阵势,虽然兵力弱小,看来阵容也显得强大。鸿雁高飞,横空列阵,全凭羽毛丰满的双翼助长气势。

[解析]

一棵普通的树,对人的吸引力有限,但是一旦开满了五颜六色的鲜花,它的形象就增加了无究吸引力,这便是“树上开花”之策的威力所在。

军队作战,充任先锋的部队,大都选拔特别精锐的部队,施以特别的训练,装备优良。主将掌握战机,即行投战场,把敌人阵地冲破,这样可使一般部队乘势而扩大战果。陆上作战的时候,采用步战协同,或是空中支援,都是要以优势火力话前面,先行压制敌人的火力,然后一般的步兵才进而占据敌阵,推进战果。这种行动就是一种“树上开花”的运用。

“树上开花”之计时常用与各商战中,百货公司或是商店,在货物滞销的时候,常常利用折扣战来推销货物。不过,并不是指全面打折的方式,而是选择一部分货品,确实地削价出售,来吸收顾客上门,因而带动了全面货品的促销。这就是相当于军队之中,有先锋部队和一般部队的区分一样,削价的物品相当于先锋部队,货真价廉。打先锋总是要有牺牲的。

[兵家使用范例]

长坂桥张飞退曹

三国时期,曹操领兵分八路进攻樊城,为保城中百姓,刘备只得弃城出走,曹操率大军紧追其后。

万马军中,赵子龙单骑救出幼主阿斗,直穿曹兵重围,砍倒曹军大旗两面,夺槊三条,前后枪刺剑砍,杀死曹营名将50余员,离开大陈,往长坂桥而走。忽听后面又喊声大起,原来是曹将文聘引军赶来。赵云来到桥边。已是人困马乏。始见张飞挺矛立于桥上,赵云大呼:“翼德快快救我!”

张飞高呼:“子龙快走,追兵由我对付。”

原来,张飞为接应赵云,带领20余骑,来到长坂桥。张飞见曹军成千上万的兵马杀将过来,他心生一计,命所有兵士到桥东的树林内砍下树枝,拴在马尾巴上,然后策马在树林内往来驰骋,冲起尘土,使人以为有重兵埋伏。而张飞则亲自横矛立马于桥上,向西而望。

曹将文聘带领大军追赵云到长坂桥,只见张飞倒竖虎须,圆睁环眼,手持蛇矛,立马桥上。又见桥东树林之后,尘土大起,疑有伏兵,便勒住马,不敢近前。不一会儿,曹仁、李典、张辽、许褚都来到长坂桥,见张飞怒目横矛,立马于桥上,都恐怕是诸葛亮用计,谁也不敢向前。只好扎住阵脚,一字儿排在桥头,派人向后军飞报曹操。

49-张飞大闹长坂桥

扫描图像三国志135

曹操得到报告,赶紧催马由后军来到桥头。张飞站于桥上,隐隐约约见后军有青罗伞盖、仪仗旌旗来到,料到是曹操疑心,亲自来阵前查看。

张飞等得心急,大声喝道:“我乃燕人张翼德,谁敢来与我决一死战!”声音犹如巨雷一般,吓得曹兵两腿发抖。

曹操赶紧命左右撤去伞盖,环视左右将领,说:“我以前曾听关云长说过,张飞能于百万军中,取上将头颅如在囊中取物那么容易。今天遇见,大家千千万万不可轻敌。”

曹操话音刚落,张飞又圆睁双目大声喊起来:“燕人张翼德在此,谁敢来决一死战!”

曹操见张飞如此气概,自己已是心虚,准备退军。

张飞看到曹操后军阵脚移动,又在桥上大声猛喝道:“战又不战,退又不退,却是何故?”喊声未绝,曹操身边一员大将夏侯杰惊得胆肝碎裂,从马上栽到地下,身亡而死。曹操赶紧调转马头,回身便跑。于是,曹军众将一起往西奔逃而去。一时弃枪丢盔者不计其数,人如潮涌,马似山崩,自相践踏。

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